Backend systems, automation, data pipelines, and production Python. From building Discord bots to understanding the language's real strengths and limitations.
Python 3.15 release candidate: explicit lazy imports, the new frozendict and sentinel types, the Tachyon profiler, and real JIT benchmark numbers.
The capstone to our RSA series. The math checks out. Shipping it as written gets you breached. This is the nineteen-year-old attack that proves it, and what belongs in production instead.
GitHub Copilot charges $19/month and sends your entire codebase to Microsoft's servers. You can build something better — one that knows your whole project, costs $0/month after hardware, and never phones home.
Python 3.15 ships a built-in frozendict — hashable, O(1) lookups, order-preserving, thread-safe by design. Here's the full technical picture: the 14-year history, how hashing works, what it unlocks for lru_cache and free-threaded Python, and every sharp edge you need to know before you use it.
A deep-dive into the full cryptographic stack powering every HTTPS connection — RSA-OAEP, AES-GCM, ECDHE key exchange, and a working TLS 1.3 handshake simulation, all built in pure Python from first principles.
CPython has had informal WebAssembly support since Python 3.11. PEP 816 changes that. Brett Cannon just locked down exactly which WASI and SDK versions each Python release will target — and why SDK versions 26 and 27 got blacklisted entirely.
RSA-2048 can be broken with fewer than 100,000 qubits. What that means for TLS, certificate infrastructure, and the post-quantum transition already underway.
Signing is encryption with the keys swapped, and that symmetry is exactly what makes the naive implementation breakable. Here are two forgeries executed against textbook RSA signatures, and what PSS does that hashing alone cannot.
Data science is the discipline of extracting meaning from data using statistics, programming, and domain knowledge. It is also one of the most poorly defined job titles in the industry. Here is what the field actually covers, what the tooling looks like, and what real data science work involves.
Flask started as an April Fools joke and became one of the most widely deployed Python web frameworks in production. Here is how it works, what makes it different from Django, and what a real production Flask API looks like.
Django is the Python web framework that ships with an ORM, admin panel, authentication, and migrations out of the box. Instagram built its 2-billion-user backend on it. Here is how it works and when you should use it.
Python runs Instagram, Dropbox, Netflix, Spotify, and Reddit. It trains the models that power modern AI. It processes petabytes of data in enterprise pipelines. And I ignored it for years because I thought it was just for academics. Here is what changed my mind.
