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Applied Cryptography for Engineers

Hash, encrypt, sign, and manage keys like a builder — the primitives production systems actually use, and the misuse patterns that quietly break them.

9 lessons

Course Q&A

Hashing, Integrity, and Password Storage

What hash functions guarantee, how to store passwords safely, and how to authenticate messages with HMAC.

  1. 01Choosing a Hash Function: SHA-256, BLAKE2, and the MD5 TrapWhat collision resistance actually means, which hashes to use today, and why MD5 keeps showing up where it shouldn't.18mOpen
  2. 02Password Hashing Done Right: Argon2id, bcrypt, and the Cost DialWhy fast hashes fail for passwords, how to tune Argon2id, and the storage format that makes verification safe.25mOpen
  3. 03HMAC and the Length-Extension AttackWhy `H(secret || m)` is forgeable, how HMAC fixes it, and the constant-time verify every webhook needs.22mMembers

Symmetric Encryption and Key Exchange

AEAD ciphers, nonces, and how two endpoints agree on a shared secret over a hostile network.

  1. 01Authenticated Encryption: AES-GCM and ChaCha20-Poly1305Encryption without integrity is forgeable — AEAD fixes it, and AAD binds ciphertext to context.30mMembers
  2. 02Nonce Reuse and the Ways AEAD Dies in ProductionThe forbidden attack: why one reused nonce in GCM leaks plaintext and forges tags — and the schemes that resist it.25mMembers
  3. 03Key Exchange: X25519 and Building a Secure ChannelHow two strangers agree on a shared secret, why ephemeral keys buy forward secrecy, and where MITMs live.28mMembers

Signatures, Key Management, and Real-World Failures

Verifying artifacts with signatures, keeping keys safe in production, and the classic mistakes.

  1. 01Digital Signatures: Ed25519 and Verifying ArtifactsSigning releases so anyone can verify them — Ed25519, supply-chain tooling, and the ECDSA nonce bug.30mPremium
  2. 02Key Management: Envelope Encryption, KMS, and RotationThe hard part isn't the math — it's where keys live. Envelope encryption and rotation without downtime.32mPremium
  3. 03The Misuse Patterns That Break Real SystemsECB penguins, timing leaks, `rand()` as a CSPRNG — the failure catalog and the audit questions that catch it.28mPremium